Gutandukanya amarangi nicyiciro cyingenzi kandi cyingenzi mubikorwa byo gusiga amarangi.Ntabwo zirimo amatsinda akomeye ashonga kandi ni amarangi atari ionic asiga irangi muburyo butatanye mugihe cyo gusiga irangi.Ahanini ikoreshwa mugucapura no gusiga irangi rya polyester hamwe nigitambara cyavanze.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugucapura no gusiga fibre synthique nka fibre acetate, nylon, polypropilene, vinyl, na acrylic.
Incamake y'amabara atandukanye
1 Intangiriro:
Irangi ritatanye ni ubwoko bw'irangi rishonga gato mumazi kandi rikwirakwizwa cyane mumazi nigikorwa cyo gutatanya.Gusiga amarangi ntabwo arimo amatsinda ashonga kandi afite uburemere buke bwa molekile.Nubwo zirimo amatsinda ya polar (nka hydroxyl, amino, hydroxyalkylamino, cyanoalkylamino, nibindi), baracyari amarangi atari ionic.Irangi nk'iryo rifite ibyangombwa byinshi nyuma yo kuvurwa, kandi mubisanzwe bigomba guhindurwa n urusyo imbere yuwatatanye kugirango bihindurwe cyane kandi bitondekanye neza mbere yuko bikoreshwa.Inzoga yo gusiga amarangi yatatanye ni ihagarikwa rimwe kandi rihamye.
2. Amateka:
Irangi rya Disperse ryakozwe mu Budage mu 1922 kandi rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusiga fibre polyester na fibre acetate.Yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu gusiga fibre acetate muri kiriya gihe.Nyuma ya 1950, hamwe no kuvuka kwa fibre polyester, yateye imbere byihuse kandi ihinduka ibicuruzwa bikomeye munganda zisiga amarangi.
Gutondekanya amarangi
1. Gutondekanya ukurikije imiterere ya molekile:
Ukurikije imiterere ya molekile, irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: ubwoko bwa azo, ubwoko bwa anthraquinone nubwoko bwa heterocyclic.
Ubwoko bwa Azo ubwoko bwa chromatografiya bwuzuye, hamwe numuhondo, orange, umutuku, umutuku, ubururu nandi mabara.Irangi ryubwoko bwa Azo rishobora kubyara ukurikije uburyo rusange bwa azo dye synthesis, inzira iroroshye kandi igiciro ni gito.(Kubara hafi 75% by'amabara atatanye) Ubwoko bwa Anthraquinone bufite umutuku, umutuku, ubururu n'andi mabara...
2. Gutondekanya ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo gusaba:
Irashobora kugabanwa muburyo bwubushyuhe buke, ubwoko bwubushyuhe bwo hagati nubwoko bwo hejuru.
Irangi ry'ubushyuhe buke, kwihuta kwinshi, gukora neza kuringaniza, bikwiranye no gusiga irangi, bikunze kwitwa amarangi yo mu bwoko bwa E;amarangi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kwihuta kwinshi, ariko uburinganire buke, bubereye gusiga irangi rishyushye, bizwi nka S-amarangi;irangi ryubushyuhe bwo hagati, hamwe na sublimation yihuta hagati yabiri hejuru, bizwi kandi nka SE-amarangi.
3. Amagambo ajyanye no gusiga amarangi
1. Kwihuta kw'amabara:
Ibara ry'imyenda irwanya ingaruka zitandukanye z'umubiri, imiti na biohimiki muburyo bwo gusiga irangi cyangwa kurangiza cyangwa mugukoresha no gukoresha.2. Ubujyakuzimu busanzwe:
Urukurikirane rwibipimo byimbitse bisobanura uburebure buringaniye nka 1/1 ubujyakuzimu busanzwe.Amabara yuburebure bumwe buringaniye mubitekerezo, kuburyo kwihuta kwamabara bishobora kugereranwa kumurongo umwe.Kugeza ubu, yateye imbere kugeza kuri ubujyakuzimu butandatu busanzwe bwa 2/1, 1/1, 1/3, 1/6, 1/12 na 1/25.3. Gusiga irangi:
Byerekanwe nkijanisha ryuburemere bwirangi kuburemere bwa fibre, ubunini bwirangi buratandukanye ukurikije amabara atandukanye.Mubisanzwe, ubujyakuzimu bwo gusiga ni 1%, uburebure bwirangi bwubururu bubi ni 2%, naho ubujyakuzimu bwirabura ni 4%.4. Guhindura ibara:
Guhindura igicucu, ubujyakuzimu cyangwa ubwiza bwibara ryigitambara gisize irangi nyuma yubuvuzi runaka, cyangwa ibisubizo hamwe byimpinduka.5. Ikizinga:
Nyuma yo kuvurwa runaka, ibara ryigitambara gisize irangi ryimurirwa kumyenda yegeranye, hanyuma umwenda utwikiriye.6. Ikarita yicyitegererezo yikarita yo gusuzuma ibara:
Mu igeragezwa ryibara ryihuta, ikarita isanzwe yicyitegererezo ikoreshwa mugusuzuma urwego rwamabara yibintu bisize irangi byitwa ikarita yicyitegererezo.7. Ikarita yicyitegererezo yikarita yo gusuzuma irangi:
Mu igeragezwa ryihuta ryibara, ikarita isanzwe yikitegererezo ikoreshwa mugusuzuma urugero rwo gusiga irangi ikintu cyarangiwe kumyenda yatondekanye mubisanzwe byitwa ikarita yerekana ikarita.8. Ibipimo byihuta byamabara:
Ukurikije ibara ryihuta ryibara, urwego rwo guhindura amabara yimyenda irangi hamwe nurwego rwo kwanduza imyenda yinyuma, ibipimo byihuta byamabara yimyenda.Usibye kwihuta kwumucyo wumunani (usibye AATCC yihuta yumucyo), ahasigaye ni sisitemu yinzego eshanu, urwego rwisumbuyeho, niko kwihuta.9. Imyenda itondekanye:
Mu kizamini cyo kwihuta kwamabara, kugirango hamenyekane urugero rwo gusiga irangi irangi irangi kurindi fibre, umwenda wera udapfuye urakoreshwa nigitambara gisize irangi.
Icya kane, ibara risanzwe ryihuta ryamabara
1. Kwihuta kw'amabara kumucyo:
Ubushobozi bwamabara yimyenda kugirango ihangane nurumuri rwubukorikori.
2. Kwihuta kw'amabara gukaraba:
Kurwanya ibara ryimyenda kubikorwa byo gukaraba ibintu bitandukanye.
3. Kwihuta kw'amabara guswera:
Ibara rirwanya imyenda kumyenda irashobora kugabanywa byumye kandi bitose.
4. Kwihuta kw'amabara kuri sublimation:
Urwego ibara ryimyenda irwanya ubushyuhe bukabije.
5. Kwihuta kw'amabara kubira ibyuya:
Kurwanya ibara ryimyenda kubyuya byabantu birashobora kugabanywamo aside na alkali ibyuya byihuse ukurikije acide na alkalineya yu icyuya cyipimishije.
6. Kwihuta kw'amabara kunywa itabi no gucika:
Ubushobozi bwimyenda yo kurwanya aside ya azote mu mwotsi.Mu marangi yatatanye, cyane cyane afite imiterere ya anthraquinone, amarangi azahindura ibara mugihe ahuye na aside nitide na dioxyde ya azote.
7. Kwihuta kw'amabara kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe:
Ubushobozi bwamabara yimyenda yo kurwanya ibyuma no gutunganya roller.
8. Kwihuta kw'amabara kugirango ubushyuhe bwumuke:
Ubushobozi bwamabara yimyenda yo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwumye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-21-2022