Irangi rya cationic ni irangi ryihariye ryo gusiga fibre polyacrylonitrile, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mugusiga irangi rya polyester yahinduwe (CDP).Uyu munsi, nzabagezaho ubumenyi bwibanze bwamabara.
Incamake y'amabara asize
1. Amateka
Irangi rya cationic nimwe murirangi ryambere ryakozwe.Aniline violet yashizwemo na WHPerkin muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika muri 1856 hamwe na kirisiti ya kirisita yakurikiye hamwe nicyatsi cya malachite byose ni amarangi ya cationic.Aya marangi yahoze azwi nk'irangi ry'ibanze, rishobora gusiga fibre proteine hamwe na fibre selile yivuwe na tannin na tartar.Bafite amabara meza, ariko ntabwo yoroheje, kandi nyuma yaje gutezwa imbere n'amabara ataziguye.irangi rya aside.
Nyuma y’inganda zakozwe mu nganda za fibre acrylic mu myaka ya za 1950, byagaragaye ko kuri fibre polyacrylonitrile, amarangi ya cationic adafite gusa icyerekezo cyinshi kandi gifite ibara ryiza, ariko kandi afite umuvuduko mwinshi cyane kuruta fibre proteine na fibre selile.gukangura abantu.Kugirango turusheho kumenyera ikoreshwa rya fibre acrylic nizindi fibre synthique, ubwoko bwinshi bushya hamwe nubwihuta bwihuse bwarahujwe, nkimiterere ya polymethine, imiterere ya azote yasimbuwe na polymethine nuburyo bwa pernalactam, nibindi, kugirango amarangi ya cationic ahinduke polyacrylonitrile.Icyiciro cyamabara yingenzi yo gusiga fibre.
2. Ibiranga:
Irangi rya cationic ritanga ion zifite amabara meza mugisubizo, kandi zigakora umunyu hamwe na anion ya aside nka chloride ion, itsinda rya acetate, itsinda rya fosifate, methyl sulfate groupe, nibindi, bityo ugasiga fibre polyacrylonitrile.Mu gusiga irangi, amarangi menshi ya cationic akoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora ibara ryihariye.Nyamara, kuvanga irangi rivanze ryamabara ya cationic akenshi biragoye gusiga irangi kumurongo umwe wamabara, bikavamo guhindagurika no kurwego.Kubwibyo, mugukora amarangi ya cationic, usibye kwagura ubwinshi nubwinshi, tugomba no kwitondera guhuza ubwoko bwamabara;kugirango twirinde gusiga irangi, tugomba kwitondera guteza imbere amoko afite uburinganire bwiza, kandi tunitondera kunoza umuvuduko wamazi wamabara ya cationic.n'umuvuduko ukabije.
Icya kabiri, gutondekanya amarangi ya cationic
Itsinda ryashizwemo neza muri molekile ya cationic irangi ihujwe na sisitemu ya conjugated muburyo runaka, hanyuma ikora umunyu hamwe nitsinda rya anionic.Ukurikije umwanya witsinda ryashizwemo neza muri sisitemu ya conjugated, amarangi ya cationic ashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: byitaruye kandi bifatanye.
1. Irangi ryihariye
Irangi rya cationic irangi ryibanze hamwe nitsinda ryashizwemo neza bihuzwa binyuze mumatsinda yitaruye, kandi amafaranga meza arahantu, bisa no kwinjiza amatsinda ya amonium ya quaternary kumpera ya molekile irangi.Irashobora guhagararirwa na formula ikurikira:
Bitewe no kwibumbira hamwe kwamafaranga meza, biroroshye guhuza na fibre, kandi ijanisha ryo gusiga irangi nigipimo cyo gusiga irangi ni byinshi, ariko urwego ni ruto.Mubisanzwe, igicucu cyijimye, kwinjiza amara ni muke, kandi igicucu ntigikomeye bihagije, ariko gifite ubushyuhe budasanzwe nubushyuhe bwihuse, nubwihuta bwinshi.Bikunze gukoreshwa mugusiga amabara yo hagati kandi yoroheje.Ubwoko busanzwe ni:
2. Amabara asize irangi
Itsinda ryashizwemo neza ryirangi rya cationic irangi rihujwe neza na sisitemu ya conjugated irangi, kandi amafaranga meza arahagarikwa.Ibara ryubu bwoko bwirangi rirasa cyane kandi kwinjiza amara ni menshi, ariko ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bufite umuvuduko muke nubushyuhe.Mu bwoko bwakoreshejwe, ubwoko bwa conjugated buringaniye burenga 90%.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamabara ya conjugated cationic, cyane cyane harimo triarylmethane, oxazine na polymethine.
3. Amabara mashya
1. Irangi ryimuka ryimuka
Irangi ryitwa kwimuka cationic irangi ryerekeza kumurongo wamabara afite imiterere isa naho yoroshye, uburemere buke bwa molekuline nubunini bwa molekile, hamwe no gukwirakwiza neza no gukora neza, ubu byahindutse icyiciro kinini cyamabara.Ibyiza byayo ni ibi bikurikira:
Ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kwimuka no kuringaniza ibintu, kandi ntigishobora guhitamo fibre acrylic.Irashobora gukoreshwa mubyiciro bitandukanye bya fibre acrylic kandi igakemura neza ikibazo cyo gusiga irangi rimwe rya fibre acrylic.Ingano ya retarder ni nto (kuva kuri 2 kugeza kuri 3% kugeza 0.1 kugeza 0.5%), ndetse birashoboka no gusiga irangi rimwe utongeyeho retarder, bityo gukoresha birashobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gusiga irangi.Irashobora koroshya inzira yo gusiga kandi igabanya cyane igihe cyo gusiga kuva (umwimerere 45 kugeza 90 kugeza kuminota 10 kugeza 25).
2. Irangi ryamabara yo guhindura:
Kugirango duhuze no gusiga irangi rya fibre ya syntetique yahinduwe, hasuzumwe icyiciro cyamabara ya cationic kandi cyarashizwe hamwe.Imiterere ikurikira irakwiriye ya fibre ya polyester yahinduwe.Umuhondo ahanini usize irangi rya methine, umutuku ushingiye kuri triazole cyangwa thiazole ushingiye ku marangi ya azo no gutandukanya amarangi ya azo, naho ubururu ni thiazole ishingiye kuri azo irangi.Amabara ya Oxazine.
3. Kwirakwiza amarangi ya cationic:
Kugirango duhuze no gusiga irangi rya fibre ya syntetique yahinduwe, hasuzumwe icyiciro cyamabara ya cationic kandi cyarashizwe hamwe.Imiterere ikurikira irakwiriye ya fibre ya polyester yahinduwe.Umuhondo ahanini usize irangi rya methine, umutuku ushingiye kuri triazole cyangwa thiazole ushingiye ku marangi ya azo no gutandukanya amarangi ya azo, naho ubururu ni thiazole ishingiye kuri azo irangi.Amabara ya Oxazine.
4. Irangi ryerekana neza:
Irangi ryerekana neza ni urwego rushya rwamabara.Nyuma yuko itsinda ryitondewe ryinjijwe muri molekile yisize irangi cyangwa yitaruye, ubu bwoko bwirangi buhabwa ibintu byihariye, cyane cyane kuri fibre ivanze, ntibigumana ibara ryiza gusa, ahubwo birashobora no gusiga amabara atandukanye.
Icya kane, ibiranga amarangi
1. Gukemura:
Amatsinda akora umunyu alkyl hamwe na anionic muri molekile ya cationic irangi byasobanuwe haruguru kugirango bigire ingaruka kumirangi.Byongeye kandi, niba hari ibice bya anionic muburyo bwo gusiga irangi, nka anionic surfactants hamwe n amarangi ya anionic, bazahuza kandi n amarangi ya cationic kugirango babe imvura.Ubwoya / nitrile, polyester / nitrile nibindi bitambaro bivanze ntibishobora gusiga irangi mubwogero bumwe hamwe n amarangi asanzwe ya cationic na aside, reaction kandi ikwirakwiza amarangi, bitabaye ibyo imvura ikabaho.Kurwanya imvura muri rusange byongeweho kugirango bikemure ibibazo nkibi.
2. Kumva neza pH:
Mubisanzwe, amarangi ya cationic arahagaze murwego rwa pH ya 2.5 kugeza 5.5.Iyo agaciro ka pH kari hasi, itsinda rya amino muri molekile y'irangi riba protonone, hanyuma itsinda ritanga electron rihindurwa mumatsinda akuramo electron, bigatuma ibara ryirangi rihinduka;Imvura, amabara, cyangwa kugabanuka kw'irangi bibaho.Kurugero, amarangi ya oxazine ahindurwamo amarangi adahwitse muburyo bwa alkaline, butakaza isano ya fibre acrylic kandi ntishobora gusiga irangi.
3. Guhuza:
Irangi rya cationic rifitanye isano nini ya fibre acrylic, kandi rifite imikorere mibi yimuka muri fibre, kuburyo bigoye kurangi irangi.Amabara atandukanye afite aho ahurira na fibre imwe, kandi igipimo cyayo cyo gukwirakwiza imbere muri fibre nacyo kiratandukanye.Iyo amarangi afite ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusiga ivanze hamwe, ihinduka ryamabara hamwe no gusiga irangi rishobora kubaho mugihe cyo gusiga irangi.Iyo amarangi afite ibipimo bisa bivanze, igipimo cyabyo cyogeramo mu bwogero bwo gusiga irangi ntigihinduka, kuburyo ibara ryibicuruzwa riguma rihamye kandi irangi rirasa.Imikorere yiri bara irangi ryitwa guhuza amarangi.
Kugirango boroherezwe gukoresha, abantu bakoresha imibare kugirango bagaragaze guhuza amarangi, mubisanzwe bigaragazwa nka K agaciro.Igice kimwe cyamabara yumuhondo nubururu arakoreshwa, buri seti igizwe n amarangi atanu afite ibipimo bitandukanye byo gusiga amarangi, kandi hariho indangagaciro eshanu zihuza (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), hamwe nagaciro gahuza irangi. hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo gusiga irangi Ntoya, kwimuka nuburinganire bwirangi birakennye, kandi irangi rifite igipimo gito cyo gusiga irangi rifite agaciro kanini gahuza, kandi kwimuka nuburinganire bwirangi nibyiza.Irangi rigomba gupimwa kandi irangi risanzwe risiga irangi umwe umwe, hanyuma ingaruka zo gusiga zirasuzumwa kugirango hamenyekane agaciro k’irangi ryapimwe.
Hariho isano runaka hagati yo guhuza agaciro k'irangi n'imiterere yabyo.Amatsinda ya Hydrophobique yinjizwa muri molekile yo gusiga irangi, kugabanuka kwamazi kugabanuka, guhuza irangi na fibre byiyongera, igipimo cyo gusiga irangi cyiyongera, agaciro ko guhuza kugabanuka, kwimuka nuburinganire kuri fibre bigabanuka, kandi gutanga amabara biriyongera.Amatsinda amwe muri molekile y'irangi atera inzitizi zidasanzwe kubera imiterere ya geometrike, nayo igabanya isano y'irangi kuri fibre kandi ikongerera agaciro guhuza.
4. Umucyo:
Umuvuduko mwinshi wamabara ujyanye nimiterere ya molekile.Itsinda rya cationic muri conjugated cationic dye molekile ni igice cyoroshye.Irakorwa byoroshye kuva mumwanya witsinda rya cationic nyuma yo gukoreshwa ningufu zoroheje, hanyuma ikoherezwa muri sisitemu ya chromofore yose, bigatuma isenywa ikazimangana.Conjugated triarylmethane Umuvuduko ukabije wa oxazine, polymethine na oxazine ntabwo ari mwiza.Itsinda rya cationic muri molekile yitaruye ya cationic itandukanijwe na sisitemu ya conjugated hamwe nitsinda rihuza.Nubwo yaba ikorwa munsi yingufu zumucyo, ntabwo byoroshye kohereza ingufu muri sisitemu ihujwe yamabara, kugirango ibungabunzwe neza.Umuvuduko wurumuri uruta ubwoko bwa conjugated.
5. Gusoma kwagutse: Imyenda ya Cationic
Umwenda wa cationic ni umwenda wa polyester 100%, ubohewe mubintu bibiri bitandukanye byose bya polyester, ariko birimo fibre ya polyester yahinduwe.Iyi fibre ya polyester yahinduwe hamwe na fibre isanzwe ya polyester ifite amabara atandukanye kandi irangi kabiri.Ibara, irangi rimwe rya polyester, irangi rimwe rya cationic, muri rusange ukoresha umugozi wa cationic mu cyerekezo cyintambara, hamwe nudodo dusanzwe twa polyester mubyerekezo.Amabara abiri atandukanye akoreshwa mugihe cyo gusiga irangi: amarangi asanzwe akwirakwiza kumyenda ya polyester, hamwe n amarangi ya cationic kumyenda ya cationic (bizwi kandi ko ari amarangi).Gukwirakwiza amarangi ya cationic arashobora gukoreshwa), ingaruka yimyenda izagira ingaruka zibiri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-21-2022