Irangi rya acide gakondo risobanura amarangi ashonga amazi arimo amatsinda acide muburyo bwo gusiga irangi, ubusanzwe irangi irangi mubihe bya acide.
Incamake y'amabara ya aside
1. Amateka y'amabara ya aside:
Mu 1868, irangi rya aside irike ya triarylmethane irangi ryaragaragaye, rifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gusiga ariko kwihuta;
Mu 1877, aside ya mbere irangi acide itukura A yakoreshejwe mu gusiga ubwoya bw'intama, yarashizweho, imiterere yacyo y'ibanze iramenyekana;
** Nyuma yimyaka 0, havumbuwe amarangi ya aside hamwe na anthraquinone, hanyuma chromatogramu zabo zirushaho kuba zuzuye;
Kugeza ubu, amarangi ya aside afite ubwoko bwamabara bwamabara menshi, bukoreshwa cyane mugusiga ubwoya, ubudodo, nylon nizindi fibre.
2. Ibiranga amarangi ya aside:
Amatsinda ya acide mu marangi ya aside muri rusange yiganjemo amatsinda ya acide sulfonique (-SO3H), abaho kuri molekile y'irangi mu buryo bwa salitike ya sodium ya sodium ya sodium (-SO3Na), kandi amarangi amwe ni acide hamwe n'umunyu wa karubasi ya karubasi (-COONa) ).itsinda.
Irangwa no gukomera kwamazi meza, ibara ryiza, chromatogramu yuzuye, imiterere ya molekile yoroshye kuruta andi marangi, kubura sisitemu ndende ihujwe na molekile irangi, hamwe nubuyobozi buke bwirangi.
3. Uburyo bwo kwitwara bwamabara ya aside:
Gutondekanya amarangi ya aside
1. Gutondekanya ukurikije imiterere ya molekuline yumubyeyi wamabara:
Azos (60%, ubugari bwagutse) Anthraquinone (20%, cyane cyane ubururu nicyatsi) Triarylmethanes (10%, ibara ry'umuyugubwe, icyatsi) Heterocycle (10%, umutuku, icyatsi) umutuku)
2. Gutondekanya na pH yo gusiga irangi:
Irangi rikomeye rya acide acide: pH 2.5-4 yo gusiga irangi, kwihuta kwumucyo, ariko kwihuta kwinshi, ibara ryiza, urwego rwiza;Irangi rya acide acide acide: pH 4-5 yo gusiga irangi, imiterere ya molekuline yamabara Ijanisha ryamatsinda ya acide sulfonique yo hagati iragabanuka gato, bityo amazi yo gukomera ni mabi gato, kwihuta kuvura neza ni byiza kuruta ubwogero bwa acide ikomeye amarangi, kandi uburinganire ni bubi gato.Irangi rya aside yo kutagira aho ibogamiye: Agaciro pH yo gusiga irangi ni 6-7, igipimo cyamatsinda ya acide sulfonique mumiterere ya marekile irangi iracyari hasi, irangi ryirangi ni rito, urwego rukennye, ibara ntirimurika bihagije, ariko itose kwihuta ni hejuru.
Amagambo ajyanye no gusiga irangi
1. Kwihuta kw'amabara:
Ibara ry'imyenda irwanya ingaruka zitandukanye z'umubiri, imiti na biohimiki muburyo bwo gusiga irangi cyangwa kurangiza cyangwa mugukoresha no gukoresha.2. Ubujyakuzimu busanzwe:
Urukurikirane rwibipimo byimbitse bisobanura uburebure buringaniye nka 1/1 ubujyakuzimu busanzwe.Amabara yuburebure bumwe buringaniye mubitekerezo, kuburyo kwihuta kwamabara bishobora kugereranwa kumurongo umwe.Kugeza ubu, yateye imbere kugeza kuri ubujyakuzimu butandatu busanzwe bwa 2/1, 1/1, 1/3, 1/6, 1/12 na 1/25.3. Gusiga irangi:
Byerekanwe nkijanisha ryibara ryirangi rya fibre (ni ukuvuga OMF), kwibanda kumabara biratandukanye ukurikije igicucu gitandukanye.4. Guhindura ibara:
Guhindura igicucu, ubujyakuzimu cyangwa ubwiza bwibara ryigitambara gisize irangi nyuma yubuvuzi runaka, cyangwa ibisubizo hamwe byimpinduka.5. Ikizinga:
Nyuma yo kuvurwa runaka, ibara ryigitambara gisize irangi ryimurirwa kumyenda yegeranye, hanyuma umwenda utwikiriye.6. Ikarita yicyitegererezo yikarita yo gusuzuma ibara:
Mu igeragezwa ryibara ryihuta, ikarita isanzwe yicyitegererezo ikoreshwa mugusuzuma urwego rwamabara yibintu bisize irangi byitwa ikarita yicyitegererezo.7. Ikarita yicyitegererezo yikarita yo gusuzuma irangi:
Mu igeragezwa ryihuta ryibara, ikarita isanzwe yikitegererezo ikoreshwa mugusuzuma urugero rwo gusiga irangi ikintu cyarangiwe kumyenda yatondekanye mubisanzwe byitwa ikarita yerekana ikarita.8. Ibipimo byihuta byamabara:
Ukurikije ibara ryihuta ryibara, urwego rwo guhindura amabara yimyenda irangi hamwe nurwego rwo kwanduza imyenda yinyuma, ibipimo byihuta byamabara yimyenda.Usibye kwihuta kwumucyo wumunani (usibye AATCC yihuta yumucyo), ahasigaye ni sisitemu yinzego eshanu, urwego rwisumbuyeho, niko kwihuta.9. Imyenda itondekanye:
Mu kizamini cyo kwihuta kwamabara, kugirango hamenyekane urugero rwo gusiga irangi irangi irangi kurindi fibre, umwenda wera udapfuye urakoreshwa nigitambara gisize irangi.
Icya kane, ibara risanzwe ryihuta ryamabara ya aside
1. Kwihuta ku zuba:
Bizwi kandi kwihuta kwamabara kumucyo, ubushobozi bwamabara yimyenda yo kurwanya urumuri rwubukorikori, igipimo rusange cyubugenzuzi ni ISO105 B02;
2. Kwihuta kwamabara yo gukaraba (kwibiza mumazi):
Kurwanya ibara ryimyenda yo gukaraba mubihe bitandukanye, nka ISO105 C01C03E01, nibindi.;3. Kwihuta kw'amabara guswera:
Ibara rirwanya imyenda kumyenda irashobora kugabanywa byumye kandi bitose.4. Kwihuta kw'amabara kumazi ya chlorine:
Bizwi kandi nka chlorine pisine yihuta, mubisanzwe bikorwa mukwigana ubunini bwa chlorine muri pisine.Urwego rwa chlorine ibara ryimyenda, nkibikwiriye koga ya nylon, uburyo bwo gutahura ni ISO105 E03 (ibirimo chlorine nziza 50ppm);5. Kwihuta kw'amabara kubira ibyuya:
Kurwanya ibara ryimyenda kubyuya byabantu birashobora kugabanywamo aside na alkali ibyuya byihuse ukurikije acide na alkalineya yu icyuya cyipimishije.Igitambara gisize irangi rya aside muri rusange gipimwa kubyihuta byihuta.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-21-2022